lunes, 16 de mayo de 2011

God in America - Drama Documentary

This documentary was created a Drama Documentary created by PBS  (co-production of AMERICAN EXPERIENCE and FRONTLINE) to illustrate the "tumultuous 400 year-history of "intersection of religion and public life in America".

This is a short video regading the documentary:
God in America. (2010) Retrieved on May 16th, 2011 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlipAO9vwXg


In this link you can find the all documentary:   http://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/view/


Religion and International Business workshop

1. How can we create an ethical relationship between religion and business so that they may cooperate towards a more sustainable and respectful development of life?

It is very difficult to say that religion and business will change the view of an economy looking for sustainability, because there are other factors influencing such a type of economy nowadays. What is very important is to take into account that this system is not sustainable in the sense that we produce and waste in a linear process, considering the world as infinite, but it should be like a cycle, so we produce, waste and recycle, having a better understanding of this finite world. 

However, I would do the excercise of gathering certain "features" of different religions that care about resources and the way of wasting them, while taking the working abilities and desires from others, so we can create an equilibrium  with them, developing that way a "sustainable and respectful development of life".

2. Can you imagine a world without religion where everyone would be trying to get inmediate satisfaction to ther individual needs?

It is well said that this world we live nowadays follows a "new religion" which is Capitalism, where everyone try to get inmediate satisfaction to their individual needs, even though these needs are not satisfied: every time people look for more and more, because that is the idea of this economic system: spend and waste, and to achieve this it was necessary to create needs.

On the other hand, I can not imagine a world without religion, because those religious beliefs are necessary for people to move on in the society. I mean, it is really hard to think about a world where people try to get their individual needs, because it will simply not be sustainable. People with selfish interests would create a struggle for power, which at the end would cause an imbalance between them. For me, this is what is happening now: a crescent tendency to think about oneself, without any care for the others.

3. Religion can create networks of trust and familiarity that facilitate economic transactions. Can you name other positive aspects of this relationship?

- Same as culture, it creates a sense of belonging to a particular group of people.
- It can create good attitudes towards work.
- It can create sets of values enhancing community creation.
- Some religions can boost economies by their beliefs regarding work and production.
- Some religions can bring the economic system good relationships with animals and living creatures, which stimulates respect for earth and resources.
- Sense of dignity and respect for people.

4. Do you think that stereotyping based on religion has been influenced by economic or political interests, why, whose? What is the role of the media in this issue?

I think that both religion and economic/political interests influence each other and create stereotypes. In that sense, interests can influence religion to be according to the ongoing trend of comsumption and waste. That is why religions have become a business for many people, and actually that business is really profitable.

On the other hand, Religion influences economic/political interests when for example, a state is guided by some precepts according to religious beliefs in the country, which at the end shape the economic or political system of a country, people's way of acting, perceptions, and creates stereotypes, which at the end can boost or stagnate systems.

The role of Media there is that it acts as the way to intercede for economic/political interests of the most powerful, and can manipulate opinions, but also can be manipulated by certain ideas. Media is the motor moving ideas, perceptions, interests of people around the world. 

lunes, 9 de mayo de 2011

Religious implications for International Business

To illustrate the role of religion in business, this video is a practice tool because it examines the Protestant work ethics and its relation to the Spirit of Capitalism, according to Max Weber:



Weber's Protestant ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (2008). Retrieved on May 9th, 2011 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUnAMqfEIWw

So now, which is the difference between this and Catholicism?

It is said that working from a catholic perpective is seen as pain, since the human kind commited sin to God, it started to be painful and disgusting, more than an activity that would lead human kind to be successful. In that sense, people will not work because of motivation and commitment to a specific cause, but because of an obligation, a need of purging the "Original sin".

According to this, does religion shape the economic systems and business? If so, would it be necessary changing religious beliefs to boost economy and development in weak economies?

References:
-Weber's Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism. (2008). Retrieved on May 9th, 2011 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUnAMqfEIWw

- Hartman, L. and Werhane, P. (2009). The Global Corporation: Sustainable, Effective and Ethical Practices-A Case Book. Routledge, New York. Chapter 5 , Pp. 168-181. (Islamic Banking and Finance - Moral beliefs and  Business practices at work).

Managing diversity


References:
- Slater, Stanley F., Weigand, Robert A., Zweilein, Thomas J., 2008. "The business case for commitment to diversity". Business Horizons 51: 201-209.

- Thomas, David A., 2004. "Diversity as strategy", Harvard Business Review, September 2004, 98-108.

Virtual Teams

A virtual team can be considered as a group pursuing the same goal, formed by different skilled people separated geographically. This form of team is getting highly used these days due to the following facts:
  • New alliances, different partners around the world.
  • Mergers and acquisitions.
  • Telecommuting, building communities with people in many places.
  • Need for business travel, and need of technology to support this.
  • Need of reducing costs.
  • Need of reducing time-to-market or cycle time.
It is necessary to think about the differences that arise in virtual teams since they involve the lack of physical presence:
  • No face-to-face communication
  • Lack of community among participants
  • Lack of immediate managerial oversight
  • Need of strong leadership skills
  • Well-defined conflict resolution strategies
  • Responsibility skills
The following is a video about "Team and a Dream", an organization about Virtual teams and how they use them for "Internet Startups":

Shuda, Skip. Building and using virtual teams (2008). Retrieved on May 9th, 2011 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrN8PjZXkPM

References:
-Kuruppuarachchi, Palitha R. 2009. "Virtual team concepts in projects: A case study". Project Management Journal 40, no. 2: 19-33.

-Shuda, Skip. 2008. "Building and using virtual teams" Retrieved on May 9th, 2011 from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrN8PjZXkPM


The Role of Organizational Culture in merging processes

In processes of Merging and Acquisitions, it is necessary to build a Corporate Strategy. This is defined as a proper Decision Making process, where objectives, purposes, goals and means to attain them are well defined, to lead the organization to success.

Inside a Corporate Strategy, there are two kinds of strategies which are:
  • Low-growth: It is not intended to change, it only focuses on limited special opportunities to the organization.
  • Forced-growth: It can include acquisition of competitors, which means vertical integration, geographical expansion and diversification.
It has to be taken into account that a Corporate Strategy is different from a Business Strategy because the last one only focuses on products, so it is a "narrow strategy".

Merging process:
One corporation absorbs the corporate structure of another, so only one company retains its identity, but it involves exchange of stock avoiding taxes in that way.

Acquisition:
One company taking over controlling interest in another company. Normally, it shows an acculturative process in which cultural changes result from the interaction of one organizational culture with another.

References:
Alzira Salama, Wayne Holland, Gerald Vinten (2003). "Challenges and opportunities in mergers and acquisitions: three international case studies - Deutsche Bank-Bankers trust; British Petroleum-Amoco; Ford-Volvo". Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 27 Iss: 6, pp. 313-321

jueves, 14 de abril de 2011

Discussion:

Think on walls (Physical and symbolic) used to stop migration, list arguments in favor and against them.

When I think about walls, definitely I cannot only refer to the wall built in Mexico to avoid the migration of Mexicans to USA, but about other walls built in different times to separe countries or cultures and avoid the migration of ones (generally poorer) to the other regions that represented more opportunities for them.

If I made a list of them, they would be:
- Great wall in China
- Berlin wall
- Apartheid wall (Cisjordania wall)
- Frontier wall between Mexico and USA

Off course all of them have different connotations, according to the time and according to the purpose of them. What is common among them is that besides the avoidance of migration, they did not allow spread of culture to emerge. They just enclosed one region to avoid the invasion of groups of people with different behaviors, different ways of government and different interests... Also looking for different opportunities.

The word in the last paragraph  is "different", and maybe that is the idea of builiding a wall to separe (can be physical or also a symbolic barrier): Fear. Fear of feeling invaded by other culture with differences, with ability to work more for less, fear of losing control over regions.

In general, establishing barriers in order for people not to enter to a country has many reasons: Cultural, economic, social, human... Cultural, the mentioned before. Economic, to prevent the increase of foreign labor taking the jobs supposed to nationals. Social, to avoid the inclusion of other cultures (avoiding inclusion leading exclusion) and Human, since we have a sense of territoriality and we protect the place we live in.

For me, there are no reasons to be in favour or against barriers for movement of people. Which is clear for me is that, when those barriers lead to exclusion and discrimination, equity cannot emerge, and is in this part when those barriers become a destructive weapon for societies.